[webpages] Add more robust scraping

PROJECT.org

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ fetching and simple saving.
 *** Metadata sources
 **** Scraper
 
-* Backlog [0/22] :vrobbler:project:personal:
+* Backlog [2/24] :vrobbler:project:personal:
 ** TODO [#C] Create small utility to clean up tracks scrobbled with wonky playback times :bug:music:scrobbles:
 :PROPERTIES:
 :ID:       702462cf-d54b-48c6-8a7c-78b8de751deb
@@ -604,6 +604,10 @@ independent of the email flow it was originally creatdd for
 
 ** TODO [#B] Is there way to create unique slugs for media instances :media_types:
 
+** DONE [#B] Add more robust webpage scraping :webpages:metadata:
+:PROPERTIES:
+:ID:       84d9bfa5-75c0-0718-764e-379f7456602a
+:END:
 ** DONE [#B] Time of Day Categories trend :trends:
 :PROPERTIES:
 :ID:       6598074f-2290-46db-967b-29f45d30be29

poetry.lock

@@ -654,7 +654,6 @@ description = "Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code."
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
 groups = ["main"]
-markers = "platform_python_implementation != \"PyPy\" or sys_platform == \"darwin\""
 files = [
     {file = "cffi-2.0.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:0cf2d91ecc3fcc0625c2c530fe004f82c110405f101548512cce44322fa8ac44"},
     {file = "cffi-2.0.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:f73b96c41e3b2adedc34a7356e64c8eb96e03a3782b535e043a986276ce12a49"},
@@ -967,6 +966,23 @@ prompt-toolkit = ">=3.0.36"
 [package.extras]
 testing = ["pytest (>=7.2.1)", "pytest-cov (>=4.0.0)", "tox (>=4.4.3)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cloudscraper"
+version = "1.2.71"
+description = "A Python module to bypass Cloudflare's anti-bot page."
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+groups = ["main"]
+files = [
+    {file = "cloudscraper-1.2.71-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:76f50ca529ed2279e220837befdec892626f9511708e200d48d5bb76ded679b0"},
+    {file = "cloudscraper-1.2.71.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:429c6e8aa6916d5bad5c8a5eac50f3ea53c9ac22616f6cb21b18dcc71517d0d3"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+pyparsing = ">=2.4.7"
+requests = ">=2.9.2"
+requests-toolbelt = ">=0.9.1"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "colorama"
 version = "0.4.6"
@@ -1221,6 +1237,48 @@ ssh = ["bcrypt (>=3.1.5)"]
 test = ["certifi (>=2024)", "cryptography-vectors (==46.0.6)", "pretend (>=0.7)", "pytest (>=7.4.0)", "pytest-benchmark (>=4.0)", "pytest-cov (>=2.10.1)", "pytest-xdist (>=3.5.0)"]
 test-randomorder = ["pytest-randomly"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "curl-cffi"
+version = "0.15.0"
+description = "libcurl ffi bindings for Python, with impersonation support."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.10"
+groups = ["main"]
+files = [
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp310-abi3-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:bda66404010e9ed743b1b83c20c86f24fe21a9a6873e17479d6e67e29d8ded28"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp310-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:a25620d9bf989c9c029a7d1642999c4c265abb0bad811deb2f77b0b5b2b12e5b"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp310-abi3-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:582e570aa2586b96ed47cf4a17586b9a3c462cbe43f780487c3dc245c6ef1527"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp310-abi3-manylinux2014_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:838e48212447d9c81364b04707a5c861daf08f8320f9ecb3406a8919d1d5c3b3"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp310-abi3-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:2b6c847d86283b07ae69bb72c82eb8a59242277142aa35b89850f89e792a02fc"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp310-abi3-manylinux_2_28_armv7l.manylinux_2_31_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:9e5e69eee735f659287e2c84444319d68a1fa68dd37abf228943a4074864283a"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp310-abi3-manylinux_2_34_riscv64.manylinux_2_39_riscv64.whl", hash = "sha256:aa1323950224db24f4c510d010b3affa02196ca853fb424191fa917a513d3f4b"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp310-abi3-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:41f80170ba844009273b2660da1964ec31e99e5719d16b3422ada87177e32e13"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp310-abi3-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:1977e1e12cfb5c11352cbb74acef1bed24eb7d226dab61ca57c168c21acd4d61"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp310-abi3-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:5a0c1896a0d5a5ac1eb89cd24b008d2b718dd1df6fd2f75451b59ca66e49e572"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp310-abi3-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:a6d57f8389273a3a1f94370473c74897467bcc36af0a17336989780c507fa43d"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp313-abi3-android_24_arm64_v8a.whl", hash = "sha256:4682dc38d4336e0eb0b185374db90a760efde63cbea994b4e63f3521d44c4c92"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp314-cp314t-macosx_10_15_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:967ad7355bd8e9586f8c2d02eaa99953747549e7ea4a9b25cd53353e6b67fe6d"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp314-cp314t-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:7e63539d0d839d0a8c5eacf86229bc68c57803547f35e0db7ee0986328b478c3"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp314-cp314t-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:08c799b89740b9bc49c09fbc3d5907f13ac1f845ca52620507ef9466d4639dd5"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp314-cp314t-manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:7b7a92767a888ee90147e18964b396d8435ff42737030d6fb00824ffd6094805"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp314-cp314t-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:829cc357061ecb99cc2d406301f609a039e05665322f5c025ec67c38b0dc49ce"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp314-cp314t-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:408d6f14e346841cd889c2e0962832bb235ba3b6749ebf609f347f747da5e60f"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp314-cp314t-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:b624c7ce087bfda967a013ed0a64702a525444e5b6e97d23534d567ccc6525aa"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0-cp314-cp314t-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:0b6c0543b993996670e9e4b78e305a2d60809d5681903ffb5568e21a387434d3"},
+    {file = "curl_cffi-0.15.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ea0c67652bf6893d34ee0f82c944f37e488f6147e9421bef1771cc6545b02ded"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+certifi = ">=2024.2.2"
+cffi = ">=2.0.0"
+rich = "*"
+
+[package.extras]
+build = ["cibuildwheel", "wheel"]
+dev = ["charset_normalizer (>=3.3.2,<4.0)", "coverage (>=6.4.1,<7.0)", "cryptography (>=46.0.4,<47.0)", "httpx (==0.23.1)", "mypy (>=1.9.0,<2.0)", "pytest (>=8.1.1,<9.0)", "pytest-asyncio (>=0.23.6,<1.0)", "pytest-trio (>=0.8.0,<1.0)", "ruff (>=0.3.5,<1.0)", "trio (>=0.25.0,<1.0)", "trustme (>=1.1.0,<2.0)", "typing_extensions", "uvicorn (>=0.29.0,<1.0)", "websockets (>=14.0)"]
+extra = ["lxml_html_clean", "markdownify (>=1.1.0)", "readability-lxml (>=0.8.1)"]
+test = ["charset_normalizer (>=3.3.2,<4.0)", "cryptography (>=46.0.4,<47.0)", "httpx (==0.23.1)", "litestar (>=2.19.0,<3.0)", "proxy.py (>=2.4.3,<3.0)", "pytest (>=8.1.1,<9.0)", "pytest-asyncio (>=0.23.6,<1.0)", "pytest-trio (>=0.8.0,<1.0)", "python-multipart (>=0.0.9,<1.0)", "trio (>=0.25.0,<1.0)", "trustme (>=1.1.0,<2.0)", "typing_extensions", "uvicorn (>=0.29.0,<1.0)", "websockets (>=14.0)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "dacite"
 version = "1.9.2"
@@ -2872,7 +2930,7 @@ version = "4.0.0"
 description = "Python port of markdown-it. Markdown parsing, done right!"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.10"
-groups = ["test"]
+groups = ["main", "test"]
 files = [
     {file = "markdown_it_py-4.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:87327c59b172c5011896038353a81343b6754500a08cd7a4973bb48c6d578147"},
     {file = "markdown_it_py-4.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:cb0a2b4aa34f932c007117b194e945bd74e0ec24133ceb5bac59009cda1cb9f3"},
@@ -2968,7 +3026,7 @@ version = "0.1.2"
 description = "Markdown URL utilities"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.7"
-groups = ["test"]
+groups = ["main", "test"]
 files = [
     {file = "mdurl-0.1.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:84008a41e51615a49fc9966191ff91509e3c40b939176e643fd50a5c2196b8f8"},
     {file = "mdurl-0.1.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:bb413d29f5eea38f31dd4754dd7377d4465116fb207585f97bf925588687c1ba"},
@@ -4170,7 +4228,7 @@ description = "C parser in Python"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.10"
 groups = ["main"]
-markers = "(platform_python_implementation != \"PyPy\" or sys_platform == \"darwin\") and implementation_name != \"PyPy\""
+markers = "implementation_name != \"PyPy\""
 files = [
     {file = "pycparser-3.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:b727414169a36b7d524c1c3e31839a521725078d7b2ff038656844266160a992"},
     {file = "pycparser-3.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:600f49d217304a5902ac3c37e1281c9fe94e4d0489de643a9504c5cdfdfc6b29"},
@@ -5349,7 +5407,7 @@ version = "14.3.3"
 description = "Render rich text, tables, progress bars, syntax highlighting, markdown and more to the terminal"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.8.0"
-groups = ["test"]
+groups = ["main", "test"]
 files = [
     {file = "rich-14.3.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:793431c1f8619afa7d3b52b2cdec859562b950ea0d4b6b505397612db8d5362d"},
     {file = "rich-14.3.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b8daa0b9e4eef54dd8cf7c86c03713f53241884e814f4e2f5fb342fe520f639b"},
@@ -6812,4 +6870,4 @@ cffi = ["cffi (>=1.17,<2.0) ; platform_python_implementation != \"PyPy\" and pyt
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.1"
 python-versions = ">=3.11,<3.15"
-content-hash = "3081efc33689e0cb1e2cc12709f2fbfd84a084ee4a083eebba80db2eb80fb0a6"
+content-hash = "8b1c608beddabe6884d4c2614170ccd71986daccb7db3944cb36531937fdee4e"

pyproject.toml

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ django-extensions = "^3.1.5"
 python-dateutil = "^2.8.2"
 python-dotenv = ">=0.20.0,<2"
 python-json-logger = "^2.0.2"
+cloudscraper = "^1.2.71"
+curl-cffi = "^0.15.0"
 colorlog = "^6.6.0"
 httpx = "<=0.27.2"
 djangorestframework = "^3.13.1"

vrobbler/apps/webpages/models.py

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import logging
 from typing import Dict, Optional
 from uuid import uuid4
 
+import cloudscraper
+from curl_cffi import requests as curl_requests
 import pendulum
 import requests
 import trafilatura
@@ -45,6 +47,37 @@ class Domain(TimeStampedModel):
         )
 
 
+def _fetch_url_raw(url: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Fetch raw HTML for a URL.
+
+    Tries three strategies in order:
+      1. trafilatura (standard, works for most sites)
+      2. cloudscraper   (handles basic Cloudflare JS challenges)
+      3. curl_cffi      (impersonates browser TLS fingerprint for aggressive
+                         Cloudflare / bot detection)
+    """
+    raw = trafilatura.fetch_url(url)
+    if raw:
+        return raw
+    logger.debug("trafilatura returned nothing for %s, trying cloudscraper", url)
+    try:
+        scraper = cloudscraper.create_scraper()
+        resp = scraper.get(url, timeout=30)
+        resp.raise_for_status()
+        return resp.text
+    except Exception as exc:
+        logger.debug("cloudscraper failed for %s: %s, trying curl_cffi", url, exc)
+    try:
+        resp = curl_requests.get(
+            url, impersonate="chrome124", timeout=30
+        )
+        resp.raise_for_status()
+        return resp.text
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.warning("curl_cffi also failed for %s: %s", url, e)
+        return None
+
+
 class WebPage(ScrobblableMixin):
     COMPLETION_PERCENT = getattr(settings, "WEBSITE_COMPLETION_PERCENT", 100)
 
@@ -80,7 +113,7 @@ class WebPage(ScrobblableMixin):
 
     def _update_extract_from_web(self, raw_text: str = "", force=True):
         if not raw_text:
-            raw_text = requests.get(self.url, headers=headers).text
+            raw_text = _fetch_url_raw(self.url)
         if not self.extract or force:
             self.extract = trafilatura.extract(raw_text)
             self.save(update_fields=["extract"])
@@ -259,7 +292,7 @@ class WebPage(ScrobblableMixin):
             return False
 
     def fetch_data_from_web(self, save=True, force=True):
-        raw_text = trafilatura.fetch_url(self.url)
+        raw_text = _fetch_url_raw(self.url)
         if not self.extract or force:
             self.extract = trafilatura.extract(
                 raw_text,